Articles Posted in criminal behavior

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Executive Summary

This article examines whether the Supreme Court’s current standards for determining competence to be executed adequately protect individuals with severe cognitive impairments and mental illnesses. While landmark decisions , Ford v. Wainwright (1986), Panetti v. Quarterman (2007), and Madison v. Alabama (2019) , established that a person must possess a rational understanding of the connection between their crime and punishment, critics argue the framework remains unclear, inconsistently applied, and insufficiently protective.

The case of Ralph Menzies, a Utah death row inmate suffering from vascular dementia, illustrates these concerns. Despite serious cognitive decline and an inability to comprehend his punishment, Utah continues to pursue his execution. The Court’s standard leaves wide discretion to the states, creating procedural disparities, frequent “battles of the experts,” and significant hurdles for inmates, who bear the burden of proving their own incompetence.

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The Financial Crimes Enforcement Center (FinCEN)”is a bureau of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. The Director of FinCEN is appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury and reports to the Treasury Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence. FinCEN’s mission is to safeguard the financial system from illicit activity, counter money laundering and the financing of terrorism, and promote national security through strategic use of financial authorities and the collection, analysis, and dissemination of financial intelligence.”.

On June 25, 2025, the US Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) imposed special measures under Section 9714 of the Fentanyl Sanctions Act and the FEND Off Fentanyl Act, designating three Mexico-based financial institutions, CIBanco, Intercam Banco, and Vector Casa de Bolsa , as primary money laundering concerns. The action prohibits US financial institutions from processing transmittals of funds to or from these entities, or to any account or digital asset address they administer. This marks the first use of these new authorities, aimed at disrupting financial infrastructure exploited by cartels for fentanyl trafficking and precursor procurement.

According to FinCEN’s findings, the designated institutions played a key role in laundering funds on behalf of major cartels including CJNG, the Gulf Cartel, the Beltran-Leyva Organization, and the Sinaloa Cartel. The institutions processed millions of dollars in payments to China-based suppliers of precursor chemicals used in fentanyl production. Examples include a 2023 incident in which a CIBanco employee knowingly created an account to launder USD 10 million for a Gulf Cartel member, and Intercam executives meeting with CJNG associates to design laundering schemes involving US dollar wire transfers to China. Vector was linked to over USD 2 million in laundered proceeds for the Sinaloa Cartel, and over USD 1 million in payments to Chinese chemical exporters from 2018 to 2023. From TRM Blog June 25, 2025.

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Historical Background

The history of capital punishment in the United States reflects a cycle of reform, reinstatement, and continued controversy. In 1972, the Supreme Court’s decision in Furman v. Georgia temporarily halted executions nationwide, finding that death penalty statutes were applied in arbitrary and capricious ways. Just four years later, in Gregg v. Georgia  the Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty. This decision upheld new death penalty statutes that aimed to address the arbitrariness concerns raised in Furman by providing revised sentencing guidelines and procedures for capital cases. These revised guidelines typically included a bifurcated trial process (separate guilt and sentencing phases) and required the identification of aggravating circumstances before a death sentence could be imposed. 

Since then, abolition efforts have proceeded along two main paths: statutory repeal by state legislatures and judicial decisions striking down death penalty schemes. A small number of jurisdictions, such as Michigan and Puerto Rico, have gone further by embedding abolition directly into their constitutions; a step that offers stronger, more lasting protection.

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These News Briefs and Decision Summaries are from  the  the New Jersey State Bar Association. They are an exclusive benefit of the Association in partnership with the New Jersey Law Journal. A subscription may be necessary to access the full text of some of the items listed:

NEWS BRIEFS:

Trump Picks Jennifer Mascott, of the White House Counsel’s Office, for 3rd Circuit Vacancy

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An event sponsored by the American Bar Association, International Law Section.

July 2, 2025 12PM EDT.

This webinar will examine a significant gap in the subject matter jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC): its inability to investigate and prosecute individuals who knowingly cause widespread or long-term environmental damage. The program will explore ongoing efforts by civil society to amend the Rome Statute to address this deficiency, including proposals to recognize ecocide as an international crime. Topics will include developments in international environmental criminal law, corporate and state liability, and the integration of ecocide into existing legal frameworks.

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From Crimegrade.org

Crime Grade’s violent crime map highlights the safest areas in New Jersey in green, the most dangerous in red, and moderately safe areas in yellow. Crime rates on the map are weighted based on both the type and severity of the crime. For more information on how to interpret our crime maps, see : Interpreting the Crime Maps .

In 2024, New Jersey saw an overall decrease in crime, including the lowest number of shootings in state history for the second consecutive year. Specifically, there was a 16% decrease in gunshot victims compared to 2023, with 778 victims in 2024. Additionally, auto thefts were down 11%. These figures indicate a positive trend in reducing violent crime in the state.

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Spring 2025.

Letter from Hon. Gale Brewer:

Tens of thousands of people nationwide are victims of a scam every year—in 2024 alone, scams cost Americans $47 billion. As the New York Times reported,

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These News Briefs and Decision Summaries are from  the  the New Jersey State Bar Association. They are an exclusive benefit of the Association in partnership with the New Jersey Law Journal. A subscription may be necessary to access the full text of some of the items listed:

NEWS BRIEFS:

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The digital age has dramatically expanded how we connect, communicate, and share. Yet with these advances come new risks—especially for vulnerable individuals targeted through online platforms. One of the most alarming forms of harm emerging in this environment is cyber sexual misconduct, which encompasses a broad range of non-consensual, sexually inappropriate behaviors conducted via digital means.

As technology evolves faster than the law can keep up, cyber sexual misconduct presents pressing questions about privacy, consent, and accountability. Increasingly, these acts are being recognized not merely as ethical violations, but as criminal offenses requiring serious legal and societal responses.

What Is Cyber Sexual Misconduct?

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Adopted August 2016; Revised Commentary 2017 and 2024.

FROM THE INTRODUCTION:

Persons with mental disorders are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice system. Studies suggest that anywhere from 16 to 24% of people in jails and prisons have a serious mental illness.1 This rate is three to 12 times higher than the rate of serious mental disability in the community, 2 and at least three times higher than the population in psychiatric hospitals.3 It also represents a vast increase over the incarceration rate of people with mental disability 30 years ago, when the first edition of these Standards was promulgated.4 If mental disorder is defined more broadly, to include personality disorders, the percentages involved in the criminal system skyrocket to over 50%.

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