Articles Posted in U.S. Federal Government Information

From the  Congressional Budget Office (CBO)

S. 3733, a bill to amend the Passport Act of June 4, 1920, to authorize certain public libraries to collect and retain a fee for the execution of a passport application as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations on June 17, 2026. This bill would authorize the Department of State to restore the ability of nongovernmental public libraries to accept passport applications. The bill also would require the department to report to the Congress within 30 days of enactment on whether it has done so.

COST ESTIMATE,

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) plays a central role in informing Congress by providing independent, nonpartisan analyses of federal budgetary and economic issues. Over the past three months, the agency has issued a wide range of budget and economic analyses, cost estimates, and other analytical products in support of Congress throughout the legislative process.

Over the past three months, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has issued a wide range of budget and economic analyses, cost estimates, and other analytical products in support of Congress throughout the legislative process as discussed in

The CBO’s Quarter in Review: July 2006 linked to this post is a report that serves as a companion to CBO’s Recent Publications and Work in Progress (June 30, 2026), providing an overview of the agency’s recent publications as well as reports and studies scheduled for release in the coming months.

Budget reconciliation is a special congressional procedure created by the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 that allows Congress to consider legislation affecting federal spending, revenues (taxes), and the debt limit under expedited procedures. Most notably, reconciliation bills can pass the Senate with a simple majority vote rather than the 60 votes normally needed to overcome a filibuster. As a result, reconciliation has become one of the most important tools for enacting major fiscal policy changes. The following is an overview of the congressional budget reconciliation  process and a discussion of its importance to librarians, researchers, and the general public.

What Is Reconciliation?

Reconciliation is designed to align existing laws with the fiscal goals established in a congressional budget resolution. It can be used to:

Introduction

The purpose of this essay is not to criticize leadership itself. Every society requires leaders. Effective leadership can inspire, unify, and guide communities through difficult circumstances. Rather, the focus here is on a recurring historical phenomenon: the tendency of some societies to elevate leaders into figures of redemption and the tendency of some leaders to embrace that role.

 Temptation of Political Salvation

FROM THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (CBO), MAY 1, 2026.

Presentation about work by Sheila Campbell, Jaeger Nelson, Eli Schrag, Heidi Williams, and Caleb Wroblewski at the NBER Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policy and the Economy Conference

SUMMARY:

The President’s clemency authority is among the most expansive powers granted under the U.S. Constitution. Rooted directly in the constitutional text, the power to grant reprieves and pardons has long been understood as broad, flexible, and largely insulated from judicial or legislative interference. Yet, as both historical practice and Supreme Court precedent make clear, the pardon power is not without meaningful limits. For legal researchers, practitioners, and law librarians, understanding these boundaries is essential to placing executive clemency within its proper constitutional and institutional context.

At its core, the pardon power extends only to “offenses against the United States,” meaning federal crimes. This jurisdictional limitation is fundamental. A presidential pardon cannot reach state prosecutions or convictions, which remain within the authority of state governors or other state level clemency bodies. In an era where parallel federal and state investigations are increasingly common, this distinction has taken on renewed practical importance.

The Constitution also draws a clear textual boundary in cases of impeachment. While a president may pardon individuals for federal criminal offenses, that authority cannot be used to halt or undo impeachment proceedings initiated by the House of Representatives or judgments rendered by the Senate. This exception reflects the Framers’ intent to preserve Congress’s role as a check on executive misconduct, ensuring that the pardon power cannot be deployed as a shield against political accountability.

In our present hectic and sometimes frenetic age some diversion can be helpful: At a time when political messaging is often measured in sound bites and social media posts, it is easy to overlook the quieter, but no less powerful, ways leaders communicate meaning. A compelling feature from PBS’s American Experience, “The President’s New Clothes,” revisits the presidency of George Washington to illustrate how even the most personal choices, such as clothing, can serve as deliberate expressions of political identity.

The article  by Gene Tempest explores how Washington, acutely aware of his role in shaping a fledgling republic, used his wardrobe to signal independence from British influence and to promote American industry. At a time when the United States was still defining itself, these choices were not merely aesthetic; they were symbolic acts that reinforced national unity and republican values. Washington’s preference for domestically produced fabrics, for example, aligned with broader efforts to cultivate economic self-sufficiency and a distinctly American character.

By situating these decisions within the broader historical and political context, American Experience offers readers a fresh perspective on leadership in the early republic. It reminds us that the construction of presidential authority extends beyond formal powers and policies to include the subtle, often overlooked signals that help define a nation’s identity. For legal historians, constitutional scholars, and information professionals alike, the piece underscores the importance of cultural context in understanding the evolution of American governance.

The White House has released the Budget of the United States Government for Fiscal Year 2027, offering a comprehensive statement of the administration’s fiscal priorities, policy direction, and economic assumptions. While the President’s budget is not binding law (Congress ultimately determines appropriations) it remains one of the most important primary source documents for understanding the trajectory of federal policy.

This post provides an overview of Issues addressed throughout the FY 2027 budget, followed by a discussion of why it matters across several key audiences.

Full Text of the Budget

A Congressional Budget Office Report, March 19, 2026.

CBO estimates that the effects on direct spending and revenues of laws enacted in the first session of the 119th Congress will reduce outlays and decrease revenues from 2025 to 2034, which will increase the deficit by $3.5 trillion

SUMMARY:

The House Subcommittee on Government Operations has now concluded its March 17, 2026 hearing on “Oversight of the United States Postal Service: The Financial Future Under Postmaster General David Steiner,” and the message emerging from Capitol Hill is unmistakable: the United States Postal Service (USPS) faces mounting financial pressure, and time to act may be running short. According to the Subcommittee’s official wrap-up, the Postal Service’s “already-troubled financial situation is getting worse,” prompting renewed concern over whether the agency can remain viable without significant structural change.

A System Under Strain

Testimony before the Subcommittee underscored the scale of the challenge. Postmaster General David Steiner pointed to a dramatic collapse in traditional mail volume, from 213 billion pieces annually at its peak to approximately 109 billion today, representing a loss of over 100 billion pieces of mail and tens of billions in lost revenue. At the same time, while USPS has taken steps to increase revenue and reduce costs, those efforts have not kept pace with rising expenses. As the Government Accountability Office (GAO) emphasized, the current trajectory “is not sustainable,” with service performance declining even as costs continue to grow.

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